The Buried
Footnote Forensic Linguistics Analysis
on Corporate Disclosure Documents
Year-over-Year Drift CM
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Certainty language minus hedging language in Risk Factors. Positive = assertive, negative = hedging-heavy.

Not enough filings yet to chart a trajectory. The EKG fills in as more filings are ingested for this issuer.

Risk-factor drift item_1a vs prior same-form filing, cosine similarity

  • 40-F 2025-12-04 vs 2024-12-05 98.6% boilerplate
  • 40-F 2024-12-05 vs 2023-11-30 98.4% boilerplate
  • 40-F 2023-11-30 vs 2022-12-01 98.6% boilerplate
  • 40-F 2022-12-01 vs 2021-12-02 98.8% boilerplate

Balance-sheet trends inventory, receivables, reserves & impairment vs prior year

  • Credit-loss reserve declining FY 2021-10-31
    allowance for credit losses -20% ($3.72B→$2.97B)