The Buried
Footnote Forensic Linguistics Analysis
on Corporate Disclosure Documents
Year-over-Year Drift FENC
← Back

Certainty language minus hedging language in Risk Factors. Positive = assertive, negative = hedging-heavy.

10-K 2022-02-28 10-K 2023-03-29 10-K 2024-03-29 10-K 2025-03-26 10-K 2026-03-27

From 2022-02-28 (10-K) to 2026-03-27 (10-K), this metric increased across 5 filings.


Risk-factor drift item_1a vs prior same-form filing, cosine similarity

  • 10-K 2026-03-27 vs 2025-03-26 98.8% boilerplate
  • 10-K 2025-03-26 vs 2024-03-29 99.6% boilerplate
  • 10-K 2024-03-29 vs 2023-03-29 99.7% boilerplate
  • 10-K 2023-03-29 vs 2022-02-28 99.0% boilerplate

Filing-timing anomalies filing lag vs the issuer's historical cadence

  • 10-K 2024-03-29 filed 89d after period end vs a 73.5d average (2 prior filings) +15.5d


Auditor’s report opinion, going-concern & control flags, critical audit matters

  • 10-K 2026-03-27 unqualified 2 CAMs · auditor since 2017
  • 10-K 2025-03-26 unqualified 6 CAMs · auditor since 2017
  • 10-K 2024-03-29 unqualified 2 CAMs · auditor since 2017
  • 10-K 2023-03-29 unqualified 1 CAM · auditor since 2017
  • 10-K 2022-02-28 unqualified 1 CAM · auditor since 2017

Balance-sheet language forensic risk vocabulary shifting in MD&A / financials vs prior year

  • Impairment risk language
    density 0.45→0.23 / 10k chars (5→5 mentions) · new: impairment, impaired
  • Receivables risk language
    density 0.93→3.58 / 10k chars (9→40 mentions) · new: uncollectible, bad debt, aging of, collectability
  • Inventory risk language
    density 0.62→0.72 / 10k chars (6→8 mentions) · new: obsolescence, inventory reserve
  • Receivables risk language
    density 0.1→0.96 / 10k chars (1→11 mentions) · new: credit loss, expected credit loss
  • Inventory risk language
    density 0.3→0.7 / 10k chars (3→8 mentions) · new: obsolete, net realizable value, lower of cost

Revenue-recognition drift rev-rec policy language change vs prior filing

  • 10-K 2026-03-27 78% similar to prior accounting-standard adoption
  • 10-K 2025-03-26 74% similar to prior accounting-standard adoption
    + Standalone Selling Price − Point IN TIME
  • 10-K 2023-03-29 71% similar to prior accounting-standard adoption
    + Point IN TIME − Contract Liabilities− Standalone Selling Price